Revista Geográfica de Chile Terra Australis

TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT IN A METROPOLITAN RAIL NETWORK IN TRANSITION: EVALUATING STATION AREAS IN METRO VALPARAÍSO, CHILE

2025-11-28T13:24:25-03:00

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is a key approach to sustainable urban planning, although its application in emerging metropolitan areas with regional rail networks presents underexplored challenges. This study evaluates the alignment of the immediate surroundings of Valparaíso Metro stations with TOD principles, under the hypothesis that the mere presence of rail infrastructure does not guarantee synergistic urban configurations with this approach. The research develops a TOD index based on five dimensions of the urban environment and complements it with an independent assessment of pedestrian accessibility, treated as an external variable, integrating multivariate analysis to classify stations typologically. The results identify five groups with contrasting performance, ranging from established central areas to low-density environments with limited functional integration. The accessibility analysis reveals significant dissociations between physical configuration and effective connectivity, demonstrating that high levels of density or mix of uses do not always translate into adequate pedestrian access. This research introduces the categories of incomplete centralities and functional stations without morphological synergy to describe environments where transport function and urban form evolve in a disjointed manner. Evidence suggests that, in contexts of urban fragmentation and legacy structures, TOD provides greater value as a diagnostic framework than as a rigid normative model. This approach offers replicable conceptual and methodological tools for assessing rail environments and guiding differentiated urban planning and transport interventions in emerging metropolitan areas.

EVALUATION OF THE U-NET ARCHITECTURE FOR SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF NATURAL LAND COVERS IN RGB SATELLITE IMAGES

2025-10-24T14:44:13-03:00

This study evaluates the feasibility of applying convolutional neural networks, specifically the U-Net architecture, for the semantic segmentation of natural land covers in RGB satellite images from the DeepGlobe dataset. The research is part of the binational COMIXTA project between the Military Geographic Institute of Chile (IGM) and the Agustín Codazzi Geographic Institute of Colombia (IGAC), aimed at strengthening cartographic
methodologies based on artificial intelligence. Two versions of the model were trained: one without an explicit
validation set and another using a simple validation strategy with an 80/20 data split and an early stopping
mechanism. The results show that the model without validation suffered from overfitting, reaching artificially high metrics (IoU increased to 0.83), while the model with validation produced more conservative but generalizable
predictions (IoU equivalent to 0.42). Qualitative evaluation revealed systematic errors in the “water” class due to data imbalance. Techniques such as mixed precision training, robust normalization, and GELU activation were used to improve training efficiency and stability. The implementation was carried out in an accessible computing environment (NVIDIA T1000 GPU), demonstrating that these methodologies can be replicated in public institutions with limited resources. This work establishes a solid technical foundation for future extensions toward multiclass models, integration of multispectral imagery, and large-scale automated artographic production.

GEOSPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARCELAS DE AGRADO AND THEIR RURAL ENVIRONMENT, FROM A CHOREMATIC AND TERRITORIAL PLANNING PERSPECTIVE

2025-10-28T16:57:27-03:00

The parcelas de agrado are a suburban land use that emerged in the 1980s in a context where the private sector held a predominant role in determining land uses in rural areas. Over the last few decades, this has become a challenge for the territorial planning of these spaces. The objective of this research is to characterize the geospatial patterns associated with the dynamics of parcelas de agrado and their surroundings from a chorematic and land-use planning perspective in central Chile. The methodology consists of applying geospatial models using coremas, based on data obtained from public sources. The results reveal the geospatial organization of the parcelas de agrado and their rural surroundings, along with their respective implications and impacts: the threat to water security, the loss of agricultural land, the socio-spatial segregation, and development outside of planning. Finally, a more active role for the State through land use / territorial planning is proposed, promoting integrated planning actions for rural, rururban, and suburban areas in Chile.

GEODIVERSITY IN THE LAGUNA SANTA ROSA, NEVADO DE TRES CRUCES NATIONAL PARK, ATACAMA REGION, CHILE

2025-12-29T09:00:32-03:00

The Nevado de Tres Cruces National Park is divided into two sectors associated with high-altitude lagoons.
This study focuses on the North Sector, called “Laguna Santa Rosa”, which has an extension of 46,944 ha.
Despite its large extent and the various abiotic components recorded for the area (geology, paleontology,
pedology, geomorphology, hydrology, and minerals), there are few studies that mention the geodiversity found
in the study area. Given the vast territorial extent of the Laguna Santa Rosa sector, GIS-based methodologies
were utilized and compared to characterize the park's landscape. This process involved partitioning the area
into16 km² quadrants based on the UTM coordinate system (WGS84), each assigned a quantitative index value.
By assessing geological formations, fossils, geomorphology, soils, and mineral occurrences, the study identified
areas of high geodiversity, which were subsequently verified through fieldwork. This first cartographic approach
to the park's geological diversity provides a spatial appraisal, achieving greater efficiency to measure the
relationship between geodiversity and the current biodiversity, helping to define conservation and recovery
areas.

PROPOSAL FOR A DATA MODEL FOR A MULTIPURPOSE CADASTRE IN CHILE BASED ON LADM ISO 19152: A CASE STUDY OF THE COMMUNE OF TEMUCO

2025-11-03T15:41:39-03:00

The multipurpose cadastre has evolved to address primarily land administration, the application of new technologies, and the integration of new approaches. This proposal explores the implementation and adaptation of the Land Administration Data Model (LADM) ISO 19152 standard through a country profile. The goal is to establish a multipurpose cadastre in Chile using the Municipality of Temuco as a use case. Like other countries, Chile has a property cadastre from a fiscal perspective that does not influence territorial management, development, or citizen participation, all of which are fundamental to the territory. This proposal contributes to the standardization of territorial information from a property perspective based on the ISO 19152 standard to efficiently manage and understand our territory from a geospatial perspective. The proposal analyzes the evolution of the standard and identifies best practices for strengthening territorial governance through the participation of relevant stakeholders, thereby facilitating territorial management and citizen participation. The proposal strengthens the basic model of the standard to improve property management practices in Chile and adapt to the country's legal context. The proposal focuses on issues related to emergency responses in the territory.

Resources of Innovation Activity as Factors in Managing Sustainable Development of Organizations and Territories

2025-06-24T12:29:25-04:00

This study examines how innovation resources affect the management of sustainable development across countries and determines the strength and direction of the influence of innovations and innovation resources on the results of the aggregate Sustainable Development Index of countries.

Using the Sustainable Development Report 2024, which provides data on countries’ performance in achieving each of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG Index), correlation-regression and variance analysis methods were applied to construct models that estimate the dependency of the aggregate Sustainable Development Index (SDI) on the outcomes of Goal 9 — Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure — for the year 2023, as well as using cumulative data over the 24-year period from 2000 to 2023.

Drawing on data from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Bank, the analysis examined the relationship between the composite SDI and the performance in SDG 9. The regression model for 2023 accounts for approximately 72% of the variance in SDI scores. Additional models based on patent applications and R&D expenditure explain 62% and 46.9% of the variance, respectively. These results suggest that intellectual and human resources in innovation exert a stronger influence on sustainable development outcomes than financial investment alone.

SOCIOECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF ARTISANAL COASTAL FISHING IN SUDOESTE BONAERENSE: A CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABILITY

2025-11-10T22:30:54-03:00

Understanding artisanal fishing as a complex socio-ecological system allows for an integrated perspective of the activity, with the aim of promoting its sustainability. However, information regarding its socioeconomic dimensions remains scarce. For this reason, the objective of this study was to analyze the socioeconomic profile of artisanal fishers in the Southwestern region of Buenos Aires Province, based on the collection and analysis of semi-structured surveys. The activity has a deeply rooted family tradition, in which the participation of women is limited. Fishers generally have an average level of education, and their households are not vulnerable to climatic conditions. Catches are mainly sold through intermediaries from other localities, although to a lesser extent, direct sales are also made in the local market. In most cases, the activity is carried out informally, associative forms of organization are not predominant, and fishers generally do not take part in decision-making processes related to the management and governance of the activity. Ultimately, these findings aim to contribute knowledge to strengthen a more resilient and sustainable artisanal fishery in the region, as well as to reduce existing information gaps.

MONITORING OF SURFACE LANDSLIDES USING INSAR AND PSI TIME SERIES, MONJES BLANCOS SECTOR, PEHUENCHE PASS, MAULE REGION.

2025-10-20T12:56:59-03:00

This study applies the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique to analyze surface displacements associated with mass-wasting processes along km 134.7–136.8 of International Route 115-CH, Paso Pehuenche, Maule Region, Chile. A total of 253 Sentinel-1 images were processed for both orbital geometries (253 ascending and 253 descending) between 2015 and 2024, identifying 27 persistent scatterers located exclusively over hydrothermally altered zones. Results reveal vertical displacement rates ranging from 3.43 to 5.48 mm/year (uplift) and horizontal rates from -6.50 to -8.43 mm/year (westward). Maximum cumulative displacements reached 66 mm vertically and -77.9 mm horizontally. Temporal analysis shows a correlation between periods of higher precipitation and increased displacement rates. The concentration of persistent scatterers over hydrothermally altered materials confirms that these zones act as coherence refuges in mountainous volcanic environments. The PSI methodology proved effective in overcoming temporal decorrelation limitations in complex terrain, establishing a baseline for continuous monitoring of natural hazards along strategic bioceanic corridors

METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN OF A MULTIDIMENSIONAL INDICATOR FOR PROGRAMMATIC PLANNING WITH A TERRITORIAL APPROACH

2025-10-29T14:59:04-03:00

Programmatic planning with a territorial approach requires tools that integrate both diversity and adequacy in service provision. To this end, the Multidimensional Indicator for Programmatic Planning with a Territorial Approach (IMMPP-T) was developed. It comprises two complementary dimensions: the Service Diversification Index (IDS), which measures the variety and balance of services offered, and the Weighted Vacancy-Demand Adequacy (AVoDPw), which assesses coverage adjusted to socioeconomic conditions. The IMMPP-T was applied to 52 municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Chile to evaluate services targeting children and adolescents, using official administrative records as of March 2025 and territorial analysis through Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results show that 65.4% of the municipalities require prioritized intervention, 23.1% need adjustments in service provision, and only 11.5% are in a stage of consolidation or expansion of diversity. These findings highlight the usefulness of the IMMPP-T in identifying territorial typologies, guiding strategic decisions, and strengthening evidence-based planning. It is concluded that this multidimensional approach facilitates more relevant and efficient programmatic planning by providing clear criteria for territorial prioritization and projecting development scenarios.

INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE AND ADAPTIVE REUSE IN TUMÁN, PERÚ

2025-11-06T16:09:36-03:00

This research analyzes the territorial evolution and heritage assessment of the Tumán sugar industrial complex, located in the Lambayeque region of Peru, with the purpose of proposing adaptive reuse strategies aimed at its conservation and integration into contemporary urban development. The study begins with a thorough inventory of the region’s main sugar mills, identifying their geographical dispersion, location, and historical expansion, as well as their connection to railway and port infrastructure. This analysis revealed how connectivity facilitated the transport of inputs and products, contributing to the consolidation of workers’ neighborhoods and industrial centralities. The second phase focused on the objective assessment of the former Tumán factory, considering architectural, historical, constructive, ensemble, industrial landscape, and technological indicators, following established methodologies for industrial heritage. The results show a high historical and ensemble value, a medium value in architectural and constructive aspects, and a low technological value due to the obsolescence of its machinery. Based on these findings, an intervention strategy is proposed that combines the conservation of significant elements with the functional and mixed reuse of spaces, incorporating cultural and educational programs, as well as green areas that encourage social interaction, landscape recovery, and territorial sustainability. The proposal seeks to preserve industrial memory, strengthen local identity, and promote responsible land use in alignment with urban regeneration policies and heritage conservation principles.

WATER EXTREMES AND AGRICULTURAL EMERGENCIES IN RURAL DISTRICTS OF THE CURA MALAL GRANDE BASIN (ARGENTINA)

2025-08-29T12:59:43-04:00

In the context of climate variability and change, extremes in water availability constitute critical challenges for
agricultural development. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of
droughts and floods and/or waterlogging in the rural districts surrounding the Cura Malal Grande basin, and the
declaration of agricultural emergencies as an institutional regulatory response to these events during the period
2000–2024. Using the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), 17 dry periods and 8
wet periods were identified, demonstrating greater frequency and intensity of droughts. Provincial regulations
on Agricultural Emergency and/or Disaster Declarations were analyzed, revealing a relationship between these
events and the measures adopted, although with differences depending on the type of phenomenon and the
affected area. Thirty-six agricultural emergency and/or disaster declarations were recorded in the districts
involved: 25 due to drought and 11 due to flooding. Coronel Suárez and Guaminí accounted for a greater
number of flood-related declarations, while drought-related declarations occurred more frequently in the districts
of Saavedra and Guaminí. The case of District VII of Guaminí stands out, with declarations associated with one
of the two extremes in 41% of the period. The current regulatory framework has institutionalized the
management of these events. However, challenges persist, making it necessary to strengthen institutional
capacities and promote adaptive strategies that improve the effectiveness of responses to future water crises.